MPH599 - Culminating Project Mod 2 Case Assignment Essay

MPH599 - Culminating Project Mod 2 Case Assignment - Essay Example Theyre also number one on the list for children who have obesity. Risk factors for children to become type II diabetics, include, overweight and obesity, as well as distribution of body fat, high or low birth weight and rapid weight gain in children, physical inactivity and sedentary pastimes, fetal exposure to maternal gestational diabetes, failure to recover from the dynamic metabolic system changes of puberty when overweight or obese, and signs of insulin resistance untreated. Being a member of ethnic populations such as the American black, Mexican American, and Native American increases risk this disease. Essentially every civilized country in the world has had a sudden increase in children who are obese and therefore, children who have type II diabetes. Spain and the UK are second and third in numbers of children who have obesity as well as type II diabetes. Unfortunately type II diabetes in children leads to early hypertension and cardiovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease. The fact that these children are so overweight causes a great deal of difficulty maintaining joints and these children as they hit early adulthood often havening degenerative joint disease. Appropriate screening and follow-up education on such issues as nutrition, number of hours in front of the television set, or number of hours playing video games is important in the school systems today. The average child who develops early-onset diabetes is usually in the age range of 5 to 15.(Healthy people 2020). Type II diabetes in children is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Thereve been more than $2 trillion spent nationally on health care issues related to child type II diabetes. This actually only amounts to 3% of all public health activity. Its already estimated 250,000 more public health workers will be needed by 2020 to handle the number of issues that are growing, with childhood as well as adult diabetes as

The Courthouse Hotel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Courthouse Hotel - Essay Example At the Courthouse Hotel, individuals in management positions felt that there were no opportunities for further achievement. For this reason, turnover rates at the Courthouse Hotel are high. Turnover in this form is detrimental to the entire morale of the organisation. Staff witness unsatisfied co-workers quitting their jobs because of the assumption that in terms of personal avenues for success, the company is a dead-end. As a consequence, the entire group suffers lack of confidence in the organisation. The Courthouse Hotel has poor retention rates. People resourcing and hiring practises are faulty and disordered. Staff persons are employed on an as-needed basis, which means the hotel uncertainly staffed, insufficiently prepared for business or anticipated business growth. As the current people resourcing practise stands, the hotel will not succeed. Hiring procedures will not meet the needs of a sixty percent growth in trade. In terms of staff already employed by the hotel, these employees show no little satisfaction with their jobs. Employees ponder the improved flexibility and conditions offered by the national and international hotel chains in town. Facing company change, the new business owner should fear leave-taking. Unless assured of their future success with the Courthouse Hotel, the current staff will leave before the fruits of renovations are encountered. The acute fault of peo... II. Recommendations A). Management Strategy Based upon the observed framework of the old hotel and the future needs of the renovated hotel, staff stability must be fortified. Considering the anticipated sixty percent growth of trade, the continuation of present employees is desired for sheer capatown of staff. The strategy suggested to the new owner of the Courthouse Hotel is the Ashridge Mission Model (. This model comes from the Cultural School of Strategic Management, teaching that the organisation must function as a cohesive unit, succeeding internally as well as externally (Mintzberg 2005). The company mission is a strategic tool to provide unity of direction and confidence of staff. The strengths of the Ashridge Mission Model counter the defects of the Courthouse Hotel. Pertaining to Stability of Tenure, the 'Mission' of the model is intended to motivate staff to excellent performance, thereby instilling confidence in their position. Pertaining to Unity of Direction, or the inaccessibility of staff feeling was inaccessible to all staff, the Ashridge model's strength is in its Mission Statement. The Mission Statement "provides a sense of direction" and is intended to "refocus an organisation during crises."(Ashridge) Although reorganisation is not a crisis, the incapatown of the current management to facilitate change while reinforcing staff morale is an acute predicament. The shared values provide unity among employees and improve their Espirit de Corps. The value in using this model to restrategise people resourcing is clear. Employees have reason to lack morale and confidence in their management team, also confidence that they will retain their jobs. The have little motivation to do so.

Estimation of Desloratidine and Montelukast by UV

Estimation of Desloratidine and Montelukast by UV SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DESLORATIDINE AND MONTELUKAST IN COMBINED PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY UV SPECTROSCOPY ETTA.NAVEEN KUMAR*, D.SIREESHA, VASUDHA BAKSHI. ABSTRACT: A simple, accurate,precise and economical procedure for simultaneous estimation of Desloratidine and Montelukast in combined tablet dosage form has been developed utilizing concept of simultaneous equation method. The method is based upon determination of Desloratidine at 269nm and Montelukast at 283nm in methanol. Different analytical parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy and ruggedness were determined according to ICH guidelines. Deslortidine and Montelukast at their respective wavelength shows linearity in the concentration range of 5-30 mcg/ml and 2-22mcg/ml.respectively.The method was validated statistically. The results of analysis formulation given as percentage of label claim were found to be 100.4% and 101.% for Desloratidine and Montelukast respectively. Therefore, the proposed method can be used for the routine analysis of both drugs simultaneously in quality control laboratories. Keywords : Desloratidine, Montelukast,simultaneous estimation, methanol INTRODUCTION: Desloratidine(DES) is chemically 8- chloro-6, 11-dihydro-11-(4-piperdinylidene)- 5H benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine.Desloratidine is a anti- histamine clinically effective drug in the treatment of Asthama. It is soluble in methanol, ethanol, water and practically insoluble in acetonitrile. Montelukast (MON),is2-[1-({[(1R)-1-{03-[(E)-2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethenyl]phenyl}-3-[2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-)phenyl]propyl]sulfanyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]acetic acid is a widely used as Anti-arrhythmatic and Anti-asthamatic agents. Montelukast and Desloratidine is available in combined dosage forms as film coated tablets (MONDESLOR). Each tablet contains 10mg of Montelukast and 5 mg of Desloratidine. It is used for the treatment of Asthma. For this combination derivative spectroscopic methods and reverse phase liquid chromatographic methods are reported. However ,there is no work reported on combination of these drugs by simultaneous equation method. Hence fast, simple, and accurate spectrophotometric method was developed by applying simultaneous equation method, for the simultaneous estimation of both the drugs in tablet dosage form by uv spectrophotometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATIONS: UV Spectrophotometer, Shimadzu, model 1800 CHEMICALS AND REAGENTS: Methanol obtained from local market, manufactured Pure Deslortadine and Montelukast were obtained as gift sample from Gujarat organics Ltd,Gujarat;The tablet dosage form MONDESLOR( claim: 10mg Montelukast and 5mg Desloratidine) was procured from local market. PREPARATION OF STANDARD STOCK SOLUTIONS: The 10 mg of standard Montelukast and Desloratidinewere weighed accurately and transferred into 100 ml volumetric flasks seperately. They were dissolved in methanol and diluted up to the mark by using the solvent methanol to obtain a final concentration of 100ÃŽ ¼g/ml. The resulting solutions were used as a working standard solutions. The aliquot portion of stock solutions of Montelukast and Desloratidine were diluted approximately with methanol to obtain concentration of 10 mcg/ml of each drugs.These solutions were scanned in the range of 200-400 nm in 1cm cell against blank .From the overlain spectra the wavelength selected for the estimation are 269 nm and 283nm for montelukast and desloratidine respectively. PREPARATION OF SAMPLE SOLUTIONS For analysis of commercial formulations 20 tablets (MONDESLOR) each cantaining 10mg of montelukast and 5mg of desloratidine were accurately weighed and the average weight was calculated and finely powdered.A quantity equivalent to 10mg of montelukast dissolved in methanol in 100ml volumetric flask and to it 5mg of desloratidine was added(standard addition method). sonicated to dissolve it completely and volume was made to the mark with methanol .mixed well and filtered through 0.45Â µm filter to get the final concentration of 100Â µg/ml. finally 10mcg/ml working concentration of each desloratidine and montelukast was prepared. This solution was scanned over the range of 200-400 nm ,using two sampling wavelengths 269nm and 283nm determined the concentration of these drugs in tablet formulation Using the formula. CDES = A2ay1-A1ay2/ax2 ay1-ax1ay2 CMON = A1ay2 A2ax1/ax2ay1-ax1ay2 A1 = absorbance of formulation at 269nm. A2 = absorbance of formulation at 283 nm. ax1 = absorptivity of Desloratidine at 269 nm. ax2 = absorptivity of Desloratidine at 283 nm. ay1 = absorptivity of Montelukast at 269 nm. ay2 = absorptivity of Montelukast at 283 nm. CDES = concentration of Desloratidine. CMON = concentration of Montelukast. VALIDATION OF THE METHOD: 1) LINEARITY: Standard stock solution of Montelukast and Desloratidine: 10 mg of montelukast and desloratidine were accurately weighed and transferred into a clean and dry 100 ml volumetric flasks, dissolved with sufficient volume of methanol seperately .The volume was then made up to 100 ml with methanol to obtain the concentration of 100 ÃŽ ¼g/ml. Working standard solution: The aliquot portion of the stock solution was diluted approximately with methanol to get a concentration of 2-22 mcg/ml of montelukast and 5-30mcg/ml of desloratidine. Serial dilutions of concentration range were prepared from the working standard solution. These dilutions were scanned at the detection wavelength of 269 nm and 283nm using methanol as blank. The regression equation, Y- intercept and correlation coefficient were calculated. The linearity was thus determined and the concentration range was selected. 2) LIMIT OF DETECTION AND LIMIT OF QUANTITATION: The LOD and LOQ were separately determined based on calibration curve. The residual standard deviation of a regression line or the standard deviation of y- intercepts of regression lines were used to calculate the LOD and LOQ. I. Formula for LOD (ÃŽ ¼g/ml); LOD = 3.3 x SD / S Where, SD = The standard deviation of the response S = The slope of the calibration curve (mean) II. Formula for LOQ (ÃŽ ¼g/ml); LOQ = 10 x SD / S Where, SD = The standard deviation of the response S = The slope of the calibration curve (mean) 3) ACCURACY: The accuracy of the method was ascertained by carrying out recovery studies using standard addition method. The recovery studies are performed to determine if there was any positive or negative interference from excipients present in the formulation. The percentage recovery results revealed that the values were near to 100%, which indicates that the proposed method is accurate as the results are within the official limits. It also reveals that the commonly used excipients and additives in the formulation were not interfering with the proposed method (Table no:4) 4) PRECISION: Precision was found by carrying out the analysis of the standard drugs at two different concentrations in the linearity range of drugs for three times on the same day. Each concentration was applied in duplicate and % RSD was calculated (Table no :5) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Montelukast and Desloratidine showed maximum absorbance in Methanol at 269 and 283 nm.The proposed method for simultaneous estimation of both the drugs was validated as per the ICH guidelines The linearity was observed in the concentration range of 2-22 mcg/ml for montelukast and 5-50mcg/ml for Desloratidine with regression co-efficient of 0.998 and 0.998.Amount of drugs estimated by the proposed method was in good agreement with the label claim.The accuracy of the method was assessed by recovery experiments . Recovery was close to 100% for both the drugs. CONCLUSION: The present study comprises a UV spectroscopic method of analysis for the simultaneous estimation of montelukast and Desloratidine in tablet dosage form.From the study of validation parameters,itwas observed that the method is specific,accurate,precise,reproducible .The proposed method could be applied to routine analysis in quality control laboratories. Table No.1 Calibration data of deslortadine. Concentration (Â µg/ml) Absorbance at 269nm Absorbance at 283nm 5 0.187 0.111 10 0.386 0.212 15 0.559 0.309 20 0.772 0.423 25 0.960 0.520 30 1.12 0.650 Table No.2 calibration data of montelukast. Concentration (Â µg/ml) Absorbance at 269nm Absorbance at 283nm 2 0.075 0.088 6 0.204 0.248 10 0.347 0.418 14 0.512 0.618 18 0.675 0.817 22 0.798 0.971 Table No:3 Results of analysis of tablet formulation. BRAND LABEL CLAIM(mg/tablet) %LABELCLAIM Mondeslor Montelukast(10mg) 100.4% Deslortadine(5mg) 101.% Table no:4 Results of recovery studies Drug Amount added (mcg/ml) Amount recovered (mcg/ml) % Recovery DES 80( 8) 7.96 99.5 100(10) 9.8 98 120(12) 12.2 101.6 MONT 80(8) 8.1 101.2 100(10) 9.9 99 120(12) 11.8 98.5 Table No:5 Results of precision studies. Drug Concentration (Â µg/ml) wavelength Absorbance %* RSD DES 10 269nm 0.382 0.385 0.387 0.65 10 283nm 0.214 0.218 0.216 0.92 15 269nm 0.560 0.565 0.569 0.79 15 283nm 0.303 0.308 0.304 0.86 Drug Concentration (Â µg/ml) wavelength Absorbance %* RSD MON 10 283nm 0.413 0.415 0.418 0.60 10 269nm 0.348 0.346 0.349 0.43 14 269nm 0.510 0.509 0.512 0.29 14 283nm 0.613 0.616 0.618 0.40 * mean of three observations Fig-1 Selection of wavelength Fig-2 Calibration curve of montelukast: Fig 3:calibration curve of deslortadine REFERENCES: FDA Guidance for Industry. Analytical Procedures and Methods Validation (draft guidance), August 2000. ICH guidelines Q1A (R2). Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products (revision 2), November 2003. ICH Q2 (R1). Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology. International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceutical for Human Use, Geneva, Switzerland. (2005). International Conference on Harmonization. Photo stability testing of new drug substance and products Q1B. International Conference on Harmonization, IFPMA, Geneva, 1996. ICH Guidance on Analytical Method Validation, in: Proceedings of the International Convention on Quality for the Pharmaceutical Industry, Toronto, Canada, and September, 2002. Konam K, Hariprasad P, Lukaraju PS, Sirajudeen MA, Fareedullah MD, Ahmed I. Determination of Montelukast sodium and Levocetrizine hydrochloride by using HPTLC method. Elixir Online J. 2012 Feb; 16. Kumar BVVS, Mathur P, Rajesh N, Rao ND, Satyanarayana P. Analytical method development and validation of Levocetirizine hydrochloride and Montelukast sodium in combined tablet dosage form by RP-HPLC. Int J Adv Pharm Res. 2011 July; 2(7): 380-96. Choudhari V, Kale A, Abnawe A, Kuchekar B, Gawli A, Patil N. Simultaneous determination of Montelukast sodium and Levocetirizine dihydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparation by derivative spectroscopy. Int J Pharm Tech Res. 2010 Jan-Mar; 2(1) Radhakrishna T, Narsaraju A, Ramakrishna M, Satyanarayna A, (2002) simultaneous determination of Montelukast and Loratadine by HPLC and derivative spectrophotometric pharmaceutical formulation. J Pharm Bio Anal.2003;31:359-68 Bondili S, Reddy SP. Spectroscopic method for determination of Desloratadine in bulk and its tablet dosage forms. Int J Pharm Res. 2011; 1(2): 131-4. Mallapu Rani E, Ahad HA, Sreenivasulu R, Rani M, Mandava G, Reddy B. KK, Kranthi G. Spectrophotometric determination of Desloratadine in pharmaceuticals by using difference spectrophotometric method. J Pharm Res. 2011; 4(3): 730-1.

The Once And Future King - Mig Essay -- essays research papers

The Once and Future King The legend of King Arthur is a tale as timeless as any other found in literature today. Introduced to us by Sir Thomas Malory during the fifteenth century in Morte d' Arthur, it was the first complete tale of Arthur's life. Countless portrayals followed for any reader interested in the tale of the boy who was destined to become King. The Once and Future King by T.H. White is certainly the most popular representation of the immortal legend of King Arthur. It is similar to the tales woven before it but White gives new meanings and modernization to the traditional story through his unique perspectives and writing. White takes the reader on a journey in the past enriched by the knowledge of the future. Most importantly, White's notion that society cannot be governed by might alone is a prevalent theme throughout the work. He expresses the ideals of 'might vs. right'; as it relates to a world much like our world today. He clearly understands that 'might'; rules the actions of individuals, but 'right'; is the ideal that we seek to obtain. As we often find, the former prevails. The novel is divided into four sections that represent periods of time in Arthur's life. The novel begins with The Sword in the Stone, the tale of Arthur's childhood. At this time, he is not referred to as Arthur but Wart. His foster brother gave him this name and it was his childhood nemesis. Early in the book, Wart finds Merlyn who becomes his tutor. One of the earliest indicatio...

“Trash” by Andy Mulligan Essay

Rat, is a small but clever boy who really does live up to his name. He is fast but sneaky, dirty but charming and is friendly. Rat is always getting things from the mission school as he appears to be sweet and useless. He saves the money that he is giving so, surprisingly is one of the riches people on the dump. Quotes about/by Rat: â€Å"Rat is a boy- three or four years younger than me. His real name is Jun-Jun. Nobody calls him that, though, because he lived with the rats and has come to look like one. He was the only kid in Behala that I knew of who had no family at all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  P.19 â€Å"The kid was sitting up, just in his shorts, gazing at me with frightened eyes and his big broken teeth sticking out of his mouth.† P.22 â€Å"I am the best hearer, the best jumper, the best runner-they think I brag, but they know it’s true!† P.159 â€Å"Rat saw a once we had to dive back in among them†¦ It was the smarted thing he ever did.† P.163 Trash (2010), a novel by Andy Mulligan, ends with the protagonists Raphael, Gardo and Rat starting their new life together. In the course of the novel, they faced many challenges and their friendships grows. Each character has qualities which helped build this friendship. Raphael shows the qualities of friendliness, kindness, caring and self less. Gardo shows the qualities of empathy, cleverness and leadership. Rat shows the qualities of trustfulness, sneakiness and thoughtful. The boy’s friendship holds the key to their survival, helping them to leave the dumpsite and find a better life. Raphael’s key qualities are friendliness, selfless and clever. Raphael shows the quality of friendly in the scene where he listen to Rat when nobody knows what he is doing. A quote which gives evidence of this quality is â€Å"and I’d listen to his chit chat singing† (Mulligan,2011, p.23). Another important quality that Raphael shows is selfless. He demonstrates this quality in the scene where he wants to give Rat some food for him to eat. A quote which gives evidence of this quality is â€Å"I thought, I should have brought him a bit of food† (Mulligan, 2011, pg.22). Finally, Raphael’s quality of clever is shown in the scene where he trying to figure out the code for the words. A quote which gives evidence of this quality is â€Å" go to the map ref where we lay look for the brightest my child.† (Mulligan, 2011 , pg.152). All of these qualities help Raphael to overcome his hardships and  be a good friend to Gardo and Raphael†¦.

Boundryless Org Essay

1. Identify some of the problems likely to occur in a boundaryless organization like Newskool Grooves. What are the Advantages of boundaryless organizations? Some issues that have occurred at the Kiev offices, managers there said that their computer programmers find working with little structure is uncomfortable. They are used to the idea of a strong leadership structure and well-defined work processes. Trying to reach co-workers in other offices who practice boundaryless organization has become an issue for some managers. They said that when they call the office they say to wait until their meeting day which is an issue because they have an immediate issue and cannot always wait until they decide to get together. Developers working on hardware in different locations had a communication breakdown which required many hours of discussion to resolve which could have been avoided if they were all on the same track. The developers seldom met face to face and all made progress but all of them moved in different directions with the product development. An advantage of boundaryless organizations: Boundaryless organizations communicate mainly through email, phone and other virtual methods rather than more traditional face-to-face communication. The freedom to telecommute with international employees removes geographical barriers to productivity and allows for schedule flexibility. By organizing expert employees in groups and giving them decision-making authority, these companies can change quickly to meet needs and function efficiently in an ill-defined hierarchy. Employees no longer work in isolation but work as part of a team on broad, company-wide projects, quality management, just-in-time methods, lean production, and supply-chain management,† reports US Legal. To be successful, you should feel comfortable in a chaotic free-form workplace and have an ease of working with people to orchestrate the incredible amount of networking required. When employees manage and coordinate their own projects, it fosters a sense of pride in the ability to change and meet the demands of the situation fostering a strong work ethic. 2. Consider some of the cultural issues that will affect a company operating in such different parts of the world and whose employees may not be representative of the national cultures of each country. Are the conflicts you observe a function of the different types of work people have to perform? In this boundaryless company, headquarter in Berlin, Germany, structure outsourcing company in Kiev, Ukraine, marketing in Los Angeles, so many different employees with different cultures are all collaborate working together to achieve organizational goals. Employees are also very diverse in values, personality, and work preferences which are deep-level diversity. Some cultural issues that are sensitive will rise in the workplace and create unpleasant things among employees. Employees might not be working together well as they will have fighting in the decision making. A good research in understanding various biological characteristics like gender, race, ethnicity, age, or disability, will better the surface-level diversity. Almost all employees are creative and like to accept challenges. Therefore, in this similar personality and work preferences, they should be emphasized in working with others as a team. Training for team building with different cultures people will be quite important. Looking at the conflicts in Newskool, like the difficulties in decision-making and employees fighting to do what they perceive is better compare to the others. It takes time for the company to come with one decision as all of the employees can participate in decision making. People that are so diverse will suggest different solutions, reflecting their different cultures. Maybe it will be good to have a proper discussion in decision making, and only few managers can have the power in making decision in the discussion. It is not a function of different types of work people have to perform. As people from different areas or departments can contribute their opinions and ideas in the same work that require one decision. Another conflict will be inefficiency. Yes, different people must perform different tasks in their organization, but Newskool is boundaryless. When Gerd, the founder and the CEO does not satisfy, he asks his employees to redo the work tasks. It will cause a waste in resources as Gerd perceive something differently from his diverse employees. Sometimes, it is good to have hierarchy as people can know who to refer, which department to function and so on. This conflict is a function of different types of work people have to perform. The employees that are sometimes so dominant and think their works are correct, refuse to listen to Gerd and do things according to their own way. 3. Based on what you know about motivation and personality, what types of people are likely to be satisfied in each area of the company? Use concepts from job characteristics theory and the emerging social relationship perspective on work to describe what might need to change to increase employee satisfaction in all areas. Types of people are likely to be satisfied are competent, anxious, empowered and open people. This based on self efficacy theory; this theory refers to an individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing task. People who posses self efficiency believe that they are capable in behaving in a way that produce that outcome they want. In Newskool Groovers, their employees are participates in decision making and innovation, creative and competent people. Because technology plays a major role as a communication medium in the boundaryless organization, much work is done from a distance via e-mail, phone, and fax. Less work is done in traditional face-to-face settings. Virtual collaboration makes it easier to use the expertise of a broader range of individuals. With telecommuting, international employees are more easily made a part of all business processes. Employees often like the freedom that boundaryless work offers them, particularly with virtual teams and more flexible work plans, arrangements, and schedules. Due to that, employee in company satisfied with the area of the company. Characteristic employees in company are likely competent and strong team skills. Concept job characteristics theory a model that proposes that any job can be described in terms of five core dimension: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback. Based on this theory, to ensure employee satisfaction in all area in Newskool Groovers are by creating and maintaining a common task and group climate to focus groups and teams on the tasks at hand and on overall strategies, focus is on how to move ideas, information, talent, and decisions where they are most necessary, increase individual skill to do a task, hence he or she is encouraged to do it, regardless of title or position, jobs are rewarded on the basis of doing the jobs, not for accomplishing the necessary work. Thus, personal accountability for the work is discouraged at the expense of accountability for the job. Boundary-less Organizations An organization has external boundaries that separate it from its suppliers and customers, and internal boundaries that provide demarcation to departments. This rigidity is removed in boundary less organizations, where the goal is to develop greater flexibility and responsiveness to change and to facilitate the free exchange of information and ideas. It is made up of self-managing and cross-functional teams that are organized around core business processes. The teams include employees from different functional areas as well as customers and suppliers. Advantages Boundary less organization is able to achieve greater integration and coordination. They are able to adapt to environmental changes. Disadvantages However, it can be difficult to overcome political and authority boundaries. It can be time consuming to manage the democratic process to coordinate the efforts of many stakeholders. Companies are moving toward network structures, a group of organizations which coordinate activities via contracts, not a hierarchy. Companies are using outsourcing, transferring activities to outside organizations such as suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors. Network structures are becoming complex. Nike keeps R&D in-house but outsources other functions to companies around the world. Advantages of Network Structures 1.Production costs reduced through partners with lower costs 2.High bureaucratic costs avoided with a flat structure 3.Organic organizational behavior 4.Partners replaced for unmet performance expectations 5.Access to low-cost foreign sources of inputs and expertise Disadvantages of Network Structures 1.Coordination problems emerge, followed by lack of cost reduction and improved quality 2.Difficulty in replacing partners and keeping proprietary information from competitors 3.Difficulty in obtaining ongoing learning to build core competences The Boundaryless Organization The boundaryless organization connects people by computers, faxes, video teleconferencing, and computer-aided design systems. Functional experts join an organization to meet a contract and then go to another project, but unlike members of a matrix structure, they are not part of the organization. Outsourcing offers increased flexibility and reduced costs. Designing an organizational structure is an increasingly complex management activity.

Where Immigrants Can Find Free English Classes

Where Immigrants Can Find Free English Classes Language barriers are still among the most formidable obstacles for immigrants coming to the United States, and English can be a difficult language for new arrivals to learn. Many immigrants are ready and willing to learn, even if just to improve their fluency in English. Nationally, the demand for English as a second language (ESL) classes have consistently exceeded supply. Classes on the Internet The internet has made it convenient for immigrants to learn the language from their homes. Online youll find sites with English tutorials, tips, and exercises that are an invaluable resource for beginning and intermediate speakers. Free online English classes such as USA Learns allow immigrants to learn with a teacher or independently and prepare for citizenship tests. Free online ESL courses for both adults and children are invaluable for those who cannot get to classrooms due to schedules, transportation issues, or other barriers. To partake in free online ESL classes, learners need fast broadband internet, speakers or headphones, and a sound card. Courses offer skills activities in listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Many courses will teach life skills that are so important to succeed at work and in a new community, and instructional materials are almost always online. Colleges and Schools Immigrants with beginner, intermediate or high intermediate English-language skills seeking free English classes and looking for more structured learning should check with community colleges in their areas. There are over 1,200 community and junior college campuses scattered across the United States, and the overwhelming majority of them offer ESL classes. Perhaps the most attractive advantage of community colleges is cost, which is 20% to 80% less expensive than four-year universities. Many also offer ESL programs in the evenings to accommodate immigrants work schedules. ESL courses in college serve also to help immigrants better understand American culture, improve employment opportunities, and participate in their childrens educations. Immigrants seeking free English classes can also contact their local public school districts. Many high schools have ESL classes in which students get to watch videos, engage in language games, and get real practice watching and hearing others speak English. There might be a small fee at some schools, but the opportunity to practice and improve fluency in a classroom setting is invaluable. Labor, Career and Resource Centers Free English classes for immigrants run by nonprofit groups, sometimes in partnership with local government agencies, may be found at local labor, career, and resource centers. One of the best examples of these is the El Sol Neighborhood Resource Center in Jupiter, Fla., which offers English classes three nights a week, primarily to immigrants from Central America. Many resource centers also teach computer classes that enable students to continue their language studies on the internet. Resource centers tend to encourage a relaxed environment for learning, offer parenting skills workshops and citizenship classes, counseling and perhaps legal aid, and co-workers and spouses can schedule classes together to support one another.

Warsaw Ghetto and the Warsaw Uprising essays

Warsaw Ghetto and the Warsaw Uprising essays The Holocaust of millions of Jews was the most horrendous assault against humanity in the 20th century. The people responsible for carrying such massacres often gathered Jewish people and others into ghettos. The purpose of this discussion is to examine the Warsaw Ghetto, which is one the most studied of the Ghettos established by Germany. The discussion will also focus on the Warsaw uprising. The Warsaw Ghetto was located in Warsaw, Poland. Prior to the war an estimated 30% of the population in Warsaw was Jewish (Warsaw, 2008). It had the highest Jewish population outside of New York City (Warsaw, 2008). It was vibrant and the center of commerce prior to the war. According to the United States Holocaust Museum, Germany invaded Poland on the 1st of September, 1939 and the German army came into Warsaw on September 29, 1939. Under German occupation a Jewish Council was created with the expressed intent of developing a Ghetto in Warsaw. As a way to subjugate Jews living in Warsaw Jewish Children could no longer for to school, men were made into slaves, the personal property of the Jewish people of Warsaw was stolen (Warsaw, 2008). In addition the Jewish people of Warsaw had to identify themselves at all time by wearing a Star of David armband (Warsaw, 2008). All of these events occurred prior to the establishment of the Warsaw Ghetto. The Jews of Warsaw were stripped of everything they had and all they worked hard to achieve in Warsaw (Warsaw, 2008). The German occupation had done this in a very short time, yet the worse was yet to come. In October of 1940, nearly a year after Germany invaded Poland and began occupying the land the Warsaw Ghetto was created and all of the Jewish people in Poland were required to take up residence within the Ghetto (Warsaw, 2008). A month after these orders were given ...

An Argument Against Racial Profiling by Police

Racial analysis, government activities against suspects against suspects are used by police authorities to reduce violent crime. Ethnic profiling reduces crime, but officials are unconstitutional and not participating, so you should not discriminate against citizens. Race profiling is usually done after traffic congestion and pedestrian strikes In many cases, police officers condemn the picking of a person just for race, religious outfit, or other exterior reasons I will. Discussions on race profiling include constitutional issues and practical considerations. According to Professor Kennedy, one of the strongest arguments against race profiling is based on the Equality Protection Clause of the US Constitution (No. 14 revision). Kennedy explained as follows: 'Discussion starts with a special meaning to claim racial discrimination' American life and law. Ethnic differences are different from other aspects of social stratification. Therefore, since the civil rights revolution of the 196 0s, the courts have generally decided Equal protection provision of the 14th amendment. There is enough rationality enough for officials to discriminate based on race. In this case, the court generally insists on strict screening of government action - the judicial review of the most severe level. It is very important to understand racial profiling before beginning discussion on racial profiling. American Civil Liberties Union defines racial profiling as a discriminatory act by law enforcement officials to discriminate on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, or nationality (ethnicity: definition). Using this definition you can judge that race profiling does not include evidence of erroneous behavior and is completely dependent on the above function. We can see again ... See more In the early 1960s, law enforcement officers conducted racial analysis during the civil rights movement. The term race profiling was introduced to criticize the abuse of police acts by people of various r aces, nationality, or nationality. It is important to evaluate how to understand this and how to distinguish it from other problems. Racial characterization is defined as any police-driven behavior that depends on race, nationality or nationality, not action. Discussions on race profiling can be attributed to two basic questions. Is this racial profiling widely used by police agencies in the United States? If so, is this practice useful? Many people think that it is good for a judicial officer to use files. Some supporters believe it is useful when using race, but it is not necessarily the only factor profile. In addition, people who support their use often find complaints about underrepresentation of ethnicity.

Week 6 Project Deliverable 3 Submission Assignment

Week 6 Project Deliverable 3 Submission - Assignment Example The database is going to be designed based on the various requirements that are to be integrated in the Order management System, Inventory System and the Supply processing system. The general idea for the implementation of the database schema would adopt a general flow basing on the fact transactions in a certain business entity take a general format of: 6. The ordering process will capture the essential requirements of the customer for instance the customer name, physical address, contact information, the type of goods that have been ordered and their specific quantities. 7. The ordering process be able to forward a report to the supply processing system where stock issues will be done and will be able to make the necessary adjustments on the stock level quantities upon retrieval from the stores The database design process will be divided into different autonomous design tasks relative to the followed design process. Particular emphasis will be laid on the logical database design and the physical database design (Teorey et al, 2011). The logical database design main objective is to determine the relevant user requirements, examination of the process flows of the existing system with an aim of identifying the challenges that are faced by the user of the system. It is also aimed at studying the specific business environment of the company. Therefore, the expected outcome will be the emergence and formulation of a system-independent database description that meets the key requirements (Teorey et al, 2011). It represents the database actual implementation process in relation to the system that exists. The physical database design is dependent on the RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) which is adopted by the user (Teorey et al, 2011). The software and the hardware environments greatly influence the structure. The system will be used by different personalities of which important roles

MGMT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

MGMT - Essay Example nditions firm revise their method of operations and subsequently adjust their offerings in order to ensure that they continuously serve their customers well. This article though not directly related with the organizational behavior but indicates a vital link between the organizations and its customers and how things change over the period of time. Organizations tend to adjust their prices on different occasions in order to accommodate their customers so that not only sales can be generated but publicity shall be achieved. This article therefore perfectly describes such situation. This article provides a critical insight into how the organizations set their prices and bundle their overall offering. What is also critical to note that this article offers an opportunity to understand the pricing dynamics and how they are affected? This is quite interesting article in the sense that it sheds light on different aspects of organizational behavior. First it is all about how organizations actually lock in their customers and what are some of the ways in which organizations can formulate strategic alliances in order to take benefit of each others strengths and core competencies? Google is unique in the sense that it has been able to change the way people tend to experience the web and internet. This article is also an ample proof of how organization like Google is reshaping the industry dynamics and continuously evolve itself into different markets in order to take benefit from the smaller opportunities offered by the different niche markets. This article provides a good example of how organizations compete with each other and take benefit from the space left behind by other organizations. This is interesting in the sense that it also offers a very good example of how market leaders work and how others follow them. This is interesting in the sense that it offers a good example of how businesses are developed as family businesses and how they are managed on long term

Innovation and Regulation of Information and Communication Essay

Innovation and Regulation of Information and Communication Technologies - Essay Example Economic and Regulatory Factors responsible for the Success of Digital Terrestrial TV after 2001 According to a new global report on Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) published together by Digital Technology Consulting and Screen Digest, long-term success of the DTT depended on whether broadcasters were successful in developing specific revenue streams from the DTT broadcasts and also how they adapted their business models to local market conditions. If the business models of DTT are studied in the different European countries, three distinct business models can be noticed. The first model includes the Pay – TV Platform where the DTT services were offered as the premium content in direct competition to cable and direct-to-home (DTH) satellite services. UK, Spain and Sweden adopted this as the original business model of DTT. The second model consists of the FTA Platform where DTT was offered as a variety of free-to-air (FTA) channels. Italy, France and Germany adopted this a s their business model. This also happens to be the business model of UK since 2002. The third model comprises of the Hybrid Platform where the DTT service combines a number of FTA channels within a limited payment. UK, Sweden, France and Finland have migrated to a hybrid DTT model (Oberst, Obradors & Garcia 2005, p 5; Starks 2007 p 168-172). Further analyses help to infer that the FTA Platform has contributed mainly towards expansion of the DTT services among the major European countries. The United Kingdom first operated on the Pay-TV Platform from which it switched to the FTA Platform. It now operates on a hybrid of Pay-TV and FTA Platform. Germany previously operated on the FTA Platform from which it now operates on a Pay TV using DVB-H trials. France used to operate on the FTA Platform from which it has now switched to combination of the FTA Platform and Pay-TV. Previously, Finland operated on the FTA Platform and now it operates in the FTA Platform and the Pay Channels. Sweden was on the Pay-TV Platform from which it has switched to a combination of Pay-TV Platform and FTA Channels. Italy used to operate on the FTA Platform from which it migrated to a combination of FTA and PPV (Oberst, Obradors & Garcia 2005, p 6). A Successful DTT Launch There have been four factors identified as necessary to a successful DTT launch: Firstly, there should be the availability of low Cost Set Top Boxes. These are widely available over an attractive range. Secondly, there must be co-operation between the various key and DTT stakeholders. Development of the DTT service requires the amalgamation of the interests of a range of stakeholders which includes policy makers, regulators, content owners and also multiples and network owners. Thirdly, there must be strong communication of DTT offerings and benefits to the potential customers. It has been found that consumers are not aware of the value of DTT. So a successful implementation of a DTT service requires a strong campaign of market communication informing the potential buyers about the presence and content of the DTT offering, the subscriber benefits, the technical issues including coverage, set top boxes etc. and exact switch-over dates of the service. Fourthly, there has to be an attractive offering of tangible and affordable benefits to the subscribers (Oberst Obradors & Garcia

Public Governance in the Modern Day Era Assignment

Public Governance in the Modern Day Era - Assignment Example Most of the writers are of America origin, however, research work has also been done in other parts of the world also. This column indicates that most of the scholarship on the subject took place in the domain of sociology. Most of the authors were sociologists who attempted to discuss as to how technology can actually help to achieve more benefits for the people and citizens. The overall emphasis of the sociologists has been on determining how actually people’s problems can be overcome with the help of technology. Authors on the subject of business have mainly focused upon the connection between how private sector organizations can actually take benefit from the implementation of technology at public management institutions. The overall focus is on mimicking the strategic innovation achieved by public management institutions which have been achieved through technology. Most of the articles under review have considered public sector organizations as their unit of analysis. More focus has been on the interaction of technology with the public sector organizations. Most importantly, the units under analysis were public sector universities and educational institutions involved in departing education facilities. Research has also focused upon Police Departments wherein authors have focused upon how by integrating modern technology can improve the modern policing methods. Research has also focused on schools wherein the effective integration of technology with the learning aids can actually help children to learn quickly and under better learning environment. Most of the research conducted has been done through survey methodology wherein researchers attempted to review and survey the existing literature and practices in order to outline how the integration of technology is taking place with that of the public organizations.  

A Case Study Analysis, Focusing Upon 360 Degree Performance Appraisal Essay

A Case Study Analysis, Focusing Upon 360 Degree Performance Appraisal within IKH ZASAG University of Mongolia - Essay Example They feel that owing to the obsolete nature of the appraisal system their performance appraisals would not be done in a perfect manner. Thus it is increasingly felt that a modern system of appraisal like the 360 degree appraisal systems should be put in place which would help in satisfying the needs of the employees.The context of the research was based on the employee circle of a state run University of Mongolia, The IKH ZASAG University. This University holds its pride in reflecting the ancient Mongolian culture as maintained by the Mongol Emperor, Kublai Khan. The 360 degree appraisal system is used in this context to understand the mindset of the superiors towards their employees and subordinate groups. Similarly the appraisal system also appraises the superior’s work and performance based on the views rendered by the subordinates. Another added feature of the 360 degree appraisal system is the conducting of the appraisal of the employees based on the views of the external stakeholders like customers. Herein, being an educational institution the academic and non-academic employees’ performances are appraised based on the views of students and their parents. Thus both the management and the employees feel satisfied by the overall process of appraisal conducted by the 360 degree appraisal systems. ... .....18-38 Analysis and Discussions............................................................................38-53 Conclusions and Recommendations...........................................................53-54 Appendices.................................................................................................55-71 Bibliography.................................................................................................72-76 LIST OF TABLES Table Pages 1 The Phases of The Research Investigation 15 2 Usage of 360 Degree Performance Appraisal System 33-34 LIST OF FIGURES 1 Graph Showing Subordinates’ Responses in Regards to Shouldering the Right Responsibility Page: 40 2 Graph Showing Subordinates’ Responses Received in regards to Frequency of Happening of Training and Induction Programs Page: 41 3 Graph Showing Percentage of Subordinates’ Responses Received in regards to the Frequency of receiving Rewards and Criticism Page 42 4 Graph Showing the Rate o f Subordinates’ Responses Received in regards to the Rate of Growth Opportunities Received by Employees Page 43 5 Graph Showing the Rate of Subordinates’ Responses in Regards to the Frequency of Appraisal Activities Conducted Based on 360 Degree Appraisal System Page 44 6 Graph Showing Superior’s Responses in Regards to Shouldering the Right Responsibility Page 45 7 Graph Showing Superior’s Responses Received in regards to Frequency of Happening of Training and Induction Programs Page 46 8 Graph Showing Percentage of Superior’s Responses Received in regards to the Frequency of receiving Rewards and Criticism Page 47 9 Graph Showing the Rate of Superior’s Responses in Regards to the Frequency of Appraisal Activities Conducted Based on 360 Degree Appraisal System Page 48 10 Graph Showing the

Second Writing Assignment Primary Sources Case Study

Second Writing Assignment Primary Sources - Case Study Example The speech by Beveridge represents a statement of expansion and social growth across the borders, which formed part of the American ambitions. In this speech, Beveridge asserts the notion that America is the leader of universal democracy that is entitled to benefit all mankind irrespective of where they are. He believes that united states are endowed with a mission to spread its enlightened politics, culture, economics and religion to all corners of the world whether they are willing to receive it or not. According to Beveridge, the Americans are endowed with a talent to exercise control of the world, a talent they should not hide1. Manifest Destiny is an ideology by in this speech that supports imperialism in various ways. It supports the notion of Anglo-Saxon racial superiority since Beveridge believed that his race is superior to others and should thus conquer others in the whole world. Beveridge believed that Americans were justified to displace the natives as they expand across the continent in the name of civilization. Beveridge had no soft words for his opponents. Due to this, he considered opponents of imperialism as infidels to gospel who would make America lose their territories. He argued that those against American imperialism were against the wishes of God, making him differ with his opponents who argue that continuation of American isolationist policies is inherently selfish. He urged his opponents that imperialism is a policy that enabled the Americans to preserve the spirit of their founding fathers who had restrained the wilderness. According to Paris, evident destiny delivered Beveridge with more decent and challenging reason to participate in grand activities against other territories beyond the foundation of commercial supremacy. According to Beveridge, the American-Spanish war the most holy wars ever waged by one nation against the other since it

A Case Study Analysis, Focusing Upon 360 Degree Performance Appraisal Essay

A Case Study Analysis, Focusing Upon 360 Degree Performance Appraisal within IKH ZASAG University of Mongolia - Essay Example They feel that owing to the obsolete nature of the appraisal system their performance appraisals would not be done in a perfect manner. Thus it is increasingly felt that a modern system of appraisal like the 360 degree appraisal systems should be put in place which would help in satisfying the needs of the employees.The context of the research was based on the employee circle of a state run University of Mongolia, The IKH ZASAG University. This University holds its pride in reflecting the ancient Mongolian culture as maintained by the Mongol Emperor, Kublai Khan. The 360 degree appraisal system is used in this context to understand the mindset of the superiors towards their employees and subordinate groups. Similarly the appraisal system also appraises the superior’s work and performance based on the views rendered by the subordinates. Another added feature of the 360 degree appraisal system is the conducting of the appraisal of the employees based on the views of the external stakeholders like customers. Herein, being an educational institution the academic and non-academic employees’ performances are appraised based on the views of students and their parents. Thus both the management and the employees feel satisfied by the overall process of appraisal conducted by the 360 degree appraisal systems. ... .....18-38 Analysis and Discussions............................................................................38-53 Conclusions and Recommendations...........................................................53-54 Appendices.................................................................................................55-71 Bibliography.................................................................................................72-76 LIST OF TABLES Table Pages 1 The Phases of The Research Investigation 15 2 Usage of 360 Degree Performance Appraisal System 33-34 LIST OF FIGURES 1 Graph Showing Subordinates’ Responses in Regards to Shouldering the Right Responsibility Page: 40 2 Graph Showing Subordinates’ Responses Received in regards to Frequency of Happening of Training and Induction Programs Page: 41 3 Graph Showing Percentage of Subordinates’ Responses Received in regards to the Frequency of receiving Rewards and Criticism Page 42 4 Graph Showing the Rate o f Subordinates’ Responses Received in regards to the Rate of Growth Opportunities Received by Employees Page 43 5 Graph Showing the Rate of Subordinates’ Responses in Regards to the Frequency of Appraisal Activities Conducted Based on 360 Degree Appraisal System Page 44 6 Graph Showing Superior’s Responses in Regards to Shouldering the Right Responsibility Page 45 7 Graph Showing Superior’s Responses Received in regards to Frequency of Happening of Training and Induction Programs Page 46 8 Graph Showing Percentage of Superior’s Responses Received in regards to the Frequency of receiving Rewards and Criticism Page 47 9 Graph Showing the Rate of Superior’s Responses in Regards to the Frequency of Appraisal Activities Conducted Based on 360 Degree Appraisal System Page 48 10 Graph Showing the

A View From The Bridge Essay Example for Free

A View From The Bridge Essay Arthur Miller wrote A View from the Bridge in 1955. The structure of this play is relatively straightforward. It is set in the late 1940 amoung the Sicilian community in Brooklyn, New York the slum that faces the bay on the seaward side of Brooklyn Bridge. It is said to be a modern version of a Greek tragedy with its powerful speeches and references to fate. A lawyer, Alfieri re-tells his account as he oversee the events that take place. There are six main characters, five of which that live in the Carbones household. It is in this houses dining room where the main focus of the action occurs. The street outside the Carbones home in also where the action happens, this is represented so the audience are made aware of both the public and private affairs in which the action in set, also it allows us to see the Carbones as part of the wider community, especially towards the end of the play where their private tragedy becomes into the public eye. Throughout this essay I will discuss how Arthur Miller makes the end of act one interesting for his audience. Eddie Carbone is at heart a simple, generous, straightforward man who works on the pier when there was work and he takes his pay home to feed his wife Beatrice and niece Catherine. However this is the public context, this is the personality that Eddies neighbours and friends see, whereas in the private context, which the audience reveal early on into the play, we discover Eddies obsession towards his niece Catherine, whose maturity and need for independence is growing. However the more Catherine wants her independence and to experience the world Eddies protectiveness grows more and more into a fixation to keep her near him. Will Eddies emotions take over? Beatrice Carbone is Eddies wife; she is a loving, caring wife to Eddie. Beatrice is Catherines key to open the locked doors of reality kept locked by Eddie. She is a typical wife; she cooks, cleans and looks after her family. Throughout the play we establish Beatrices concern about Eddies feelings towards his niece Catherine develop, also we unravel Beatrices jealously towards Eddie and Catherines relationship. Catherine Carbone is the niece to Eddie and Beatrice. She is a young loving girl of seventeen who is eager to experience the world, she is a loving young girl who will lighten up any heart she comes across, however she has no experience of life in the real world and the only thing stopping her discover this is her uncle Eddie. Catherine is unaware of Eddies feelings towards her as she is naive about relationships, and has been influenced by Eddie all her life, and he has always been there for her. Marco and Rodolfo are the cousins of Beatrice that once lived in Italy, which also have illegally come into America to find work to make a decent wage. Marco is the stronger and more focused brother; he is responsible and has a strong sense of justice. The audience clearly can see that Marco thinks before he acts, as he doesnt want Eddie to get upset and kick them out, he tells Rodolfo not to behave in the manner that will upset Eddie. Whereas Rodolfo is the attractive, humorous, talented cousin that Catherine rapidly falls in love with and Rodolfos love for Catherine is genuine and very powerful. However the roles between the brothers soon change as at the end of the play we see Rodolfo have the vision that sees what terrible consequences will become of Marcos actions and Eddies battle of will. This shows the audience how Rodolfo is a sensitive, intelligent man who feels a sense of responsibility for those he cares about. Alfieri is a narrator, observer and also a character in the play itself. The play opens with Alfieri introducing himself and the time at which the play is set, by the end of Alfieris first speech, the audience distinguish that there will be a tense situation leading to a bloody conclusion, although Alfieri can sense this terrible event he is powerless to prevent the incident occurring. He opens into graphic detail about past bandits and murders and about how justice is very important to the Italians. The community is the gullet of New York, which is swallowing the tonnage of the world. This sentence is relatively ironic seeing that Red Hook is a fishing town and tonnage is another word for cargo. Alfieri also expresses an intriguing statement, now we settle for half. this declaration gives the impression that in this Italian community pride and justice is fierce and that no one will settle for half of what they believe is right. Alfieri makes this statement in the past tense leaving the question did the events that Alfieri witness determine whether people settle for half. Alfieri also provides the audience with information and advice throughout the play and most of all explains the law and its boundaries. He also informs us that the law is limited and isnt able to deal with every human problem. Act one is where all the tension builds up which later on leads to a tragic end in act two. In act one we learn of Eddies abnormal feelings towards Catherine, and Beatrices noticeable jealously towards Catherine and Eddies bond. The play introduces us to a normal household, with a loving atmosphere, however this quickly changes on the arrival of Beatrices cousins from Italy, Marco and Rodolfo, this is also when we discover characters inner feelings. As Rodolfo rapidly falls in love with Catherine, and his genuine love is returned by her true love, Eddies calm loving personality disappears and he becomes indestructible and obsessive about his feelings towards Catherine, as he realises he is not her number one man in her life anymore.

The Horse Dealers Daughter

The Horse Dealers Daughter D.H. Lawrences, The Horse Dealers Daughter, tells a timeless love story of Mabel and Jack, two people of totally different social standings, falling in love. After the death of Mabels father her and her three brothers are left to be on their own. While Mabels three brothers know where they are going to go and what each of them is going to do, Mabel is still undecided. Mabel is a stubborn, hardheaded girl who does not have much to say, to anyone. And when Jack Fergusson comes through the door of their house, Jack is the last person Mabel ever expected to fall in love with, or even have Jack fall in love with her. Jack Fergusson is a successful doctor, who did not think much of Mabel. Without either of them knowing it they were brought together after Mabel tried killing her self. Love has a strange way of choosing two people for each other, but it always seems to work out. Love is a powerful thing and despite how similar or different two people may be, love will find its way and this i s shown between Mabel and Jack through the use of the symbol of the pond, the plot, and each character themselves. Mabel and Jacks love can be shown through the symbol of the pond. The pond is a symbol that can be interpreted in many different ways; one being it symbolized love (Lu 8). Mabel felt it be at her best interest that she would be better off with her mother, who is dead. She preferred to follow in her mothers footsteps (Hebert). With that, came the thought that she should just kill herself. Without knowing it, the pond was the thing that brought Jack and Mabel together. As she was walking slowly into the pond Jack watched her. As Lawrence stated in the text he followed her minutely as she moved (743). This shows that he had an interest in her and what she was doing. After realizing what Mabel was doing Jack rushed down to the pond to save her (Lawrence 744). Jack showed his true love for her when he entered the water to save her, even though he could not swim. Jack did what any doctor would do and saved her life, after he brought her from the pond he made the water come from her mouth ( Lawrence 744). After Jack saved Mabel he tended to her at Mabels home. As that is one interpretation of the pond, the pond can also show a rebirth. Before Mabel tried to kill her self she was very shy and hardly talk to anyone. Just like their love, he did not know he loved her nor did Mabel know she loved Jack. Jack and Mabel had no real interaction before. After coming out of the water they both realized that they felt something for each other that was never expected. They were brought together by this incident, and there after Jack and Mabel showed their love for each other. While the pond shows Jack and Mabels love through symbolism, the plot also helps prove the theme to they story. The plot also helps prove the theme of the story. With the plot being when Mabel tried to kill herself, this is when both she and Jack first showed their love for each other. Through all the events that happened between Mabel walking into the water and the end of the story where Jack says they must marry (Lawrence 748), they fell deep into love. When Mabel asked Jack, Do you love me, then? (Lawrence 745) it took Jack a while to answer, although he knew that he did love her and Mabel knew he loved her. As Mittlemen said in her article, before the incident Jack had never indicated the he had any love for Mabel (4). In fact before the incident Mabel did not show her love for Jack, nor did she know she had any love for him. After he saved her neither of them could help but show their feelings for each other. The plot of the story helped them to revel their love for each other. They were meant to be together and one-way or another love was going to bring the both of them together. And aft er Mabel tried to kill herself they were together, just like they were destined to be. As the plot helps prove the theme, each character, Jack and Mabel, help as well. Each character, Jack and Mabel, help to prove the main theme the story has to show. Mabel is a part of the lower class of people, who has to buy the cheap groceries (Mittleman). While Jack is a successful doctor who is high class and is considered in the upper part of society. At the beginning of the story Mabel had no idea what she was going to do with her life, so she resulted to go with her mother, but Jack saved her from making that decision. Mabel and Jack are part of two totally different social standings. With that being that is the reason why neither of them thought they would ever fall in love. Starting off Mabel was stubborn and did not really show any liking towards Jack. They are two different people who had thought they had no feelings for one another. Jack shows his kindness towards Mabel. He accepts her for who she is and what she has to bring to the table. Jack knows that she is at the low part of society but he does not let that bother him. Once he realizes that he l oves Mabel, he will not let anything stand in the way of that. He say at the end of the story, Were going to be married, quickly, quickly-tomorrow if I can. (Lawrence 748) This shows that he has true feelings for her and Jack wants her to know that. Mabel, on the other hand, knows that he loves her and she loves him to but she starts to feel horrible. Mabel feels that she is not good enough for him and she does not understand why he loves her, Lawrence stated (748). Jack and Mabel over came the differences they had. They would not let anything stand in the way of their love. They love each other and they each prove that through their characters. Although all three points, symbolism of the pond, the plot, and each character, Jack and Mabel prove the theme, there can be an argument made that each of these literary elements do not help prove the theme of the story. The symbolism of the pond does not help prove the theme of the story because Jack is a doctor and he was doing his job of saving a life, but Jack had been watching her and he rushed to save her from making a mistake he did not want her to make. Also, people would argue that the plot does not show that love is a powerful thing because it does now show that they are brought together, it shows a doctor saving a life. But after the incident he tells her that he loves her and wants to be with her. Another argument can be made that the characters of Jack and Mabel do not show the theme because each of them are different in their own ways and have no true connection but despite their differences they came to love and care for each other. Although each point can be argued ag ainst, each literary element ties into the theme of the story. Jack and Mabels love is shown through the symbol of the pond, the plot of the story and each character themselves. The pond represented love; in a way that it made each of them realize that they really did love each other. The pond also symbolized a rebirth. After Jack saved Mabel she was more outspoken and was not shy anymore. Also after they came out of the water, so did their love. Jack and Mabel let their love for one another out. The plot of the story brought them together and made them realize that they had a deep love for each other. And each character proved that no matter how different two people are they could still fall in love. It is hard to find love when one is looking, but some people do not know that the person they are meant to love could be right in front of their eyes. Love comes to a person when they are not looking. And weather or not they think that certain someone is the one, love will prove them wrong. Love is an unstoppable thing that people have no control o ver.

Gun Control Problems and Solutions Essay -- Constituton Bill Rights Ri

The problem with guns is fairly obvious: they decrease the difficulty of killing or injuring a person. In Jeffrey A. Roth's Firearms and Violence (NIJ Research in Brief, February 1994), he points out the obvious dangers. About 60 percent of all murder victims in the United States in 1989 (about 12,000 people) were killed with firearms. Firearm attacks injured another 70,000 victims, some of whom were left permanently disabled. In 1985, the cost of shootings was an estimated $14 billion nationwide for medical care, long-term disability, and premature death. In robberies and assaults, victims are far more likely to die when the perpetrator is armed with a gun than when he or she has another weapon or is unarmed. I believe that there are a few solutions that can be used to solve this problem at both a community and national level. The first course of action is to establish a national system for registering guns and ammunition. Anyone can obtain a gun by going to a state with less restrictive laws or by getting a friend who lives in the state to buy the guns for them. A national system would prevent this by scaring those "friends" into not buying the guns legally and selling them illegally, for if the guns are used in an illegal crime, that person can be held accountable. Secondly, a national system would be more helpful in tracking crimes after they have happened, to bring the perpetrators to justice. Instant background checks, on people attempting to buy... Gun Control Problems and Solutions Essay -- Constituton Bill Rights Ri The problem with guns is fairly obvious: they decrease the difficulty of killing or injuring a person. In Jeffrey A. Roth's Firearms and Violence (NIJ Research in Brief, February 1994), he points out the obvious dangers. About 60 percent of all murder victims in the United States in 1989 (about 12,000 people) were killed with firearms. Firearm attacks injured another 70,000 victims, some of whom were left permanently disabled. In 1985, the cost of shootings was an estimated $14 billion nationwide for medical care, long-term disability, and premature death. In robberies and assaults, victims are far more likely to die when the perpetrator is armed with a gun than when he or she has another weapon or is unarmed. I believe that there are a few solutions that can be used to solve this problem at both a community and national level. The first course of action is to establish a national system for registering guns and ammunition. Anyone can obtain a gun by going to a state with less restrictive laws or by getting a friend who lives in the state to buy the guns for them. A national system would prevent this by scaring those "friends" into not buying the guns legally and selling them illegally, for if the guns are used in an illegal crime, that person can be held accountable. Secondly, a national system would be more helpful in tracking crimes after they have happened, to bring the perpetrators to justice. Instant background checks, on people attempting to buy...

Where the red fren grows :: essays research papers

Billy lives on a farm. He wants two good coonhounds very badly, but his Papa cannot afford any. Billy works hard, selling fruit and bait to fishermen, so eventually he has enough money for the dogs. He gives the money to his grandfather, who orders the dogs for him. Billy sneaks off in the middle of the night to go to town and pick them up. While in town, other children pick on him, but he stands up for himself and is helped by the sheriff. On his way home, he and his two pups sleep in a cave. Outside, they hear a mountain lion, and the pups bravely howl back. He decides to name them Old Dan and Little Ann. He can see that Old Dan is very brave, and that Little Ann is very smart. Once home, he wants to begin training them. He has to have a raccoon hide to train them with. His grandfather shows him a way to set a trap that will catch even a clever coon. Just when he is about to give up on the traps, he catches a coon. The next day he begins to train Old Dan and Little Ann. By the time raccoon season starts in the fall, they are ready. On the first night, his dogs tree a coon in the biggest tree imaginable. Billy immediately sees that it will take days to cut down. He is determined to cut it down, because he told his dogs that if they could tree a coon he would take care of the rest. His dogs are counting on him. His parents bring him food. His grandfather shows him how to make a scarecrow, to keep the coon in the tree so he can go home and eat dinner. When the big sycamore finally falls and his dogs catch the coon, he is very proud. Billy goes coon hunting almost every night. His father relieves him of his chores, and Billy gives him the money from his coonskins. Sometimes, coons try to trick his dogs, and Old Dan gets into trouble. One night, Dan gets stuck in a muskrat hole. Another night, he climbs a tree. Little Ann is usually too smart to get into trouble, but one night, after the first snowfall, she falls through the ice on the river. Billy barely rescues her. One day, Billy and his grandfather make a bet with Ruben and Rainie Pritchard, that Billy's hounds can catch the legendary "ghost coon.

The Importance of the Concept of Cash Flow

Assignment: The importance of the concept of cash-flow for the business finance Definition: Cash flow is the movement of money into or out of a business, an account or an investment. Normally, when the cash inflow is greater than the cash outflow it is a sign of a good financial situation because cash flow is essential for the survival of a business or even to any individual financial condition. If the company can meet its obligations and keep a healthy inflow of cash it has a healthy situation and the management of the company can invest most of its time in developing the company.There are 3 types of cash-flows: Operating cash-flows, which is the money received or spent as a result of a company’s normal business activities. Investment cash-flows, which is the money received or spent through investing activities and thirdly the financing cash-flows, which is the cash received through debt or paid out as debt repayments. Example: Imagine that you run a shoe factory. Having cash is necessary for your business to flow. If you have cash you can pay your suppliers, your employees and yourself on time and so keep the business flow.Therefore if you, as an individual, receive your pay check, you can pay for all your expenses (e. g. housing, food, utilities, insurance, etc). Here we are speaking about operational cash-flow. Another way of creating cash is if you opt for purchasing and selling assets. This is normally a long term issue that can help your business grow and might lead to a net worth increase. This is called investment cash-flow. There are companies that are specialized in this area that manage funds that invest and divest in property.Finally, a third option you have is financing cash-flows. This includes any cash which comes from loans or other types of other debt that allow you to finance your cash flow. It is also used to finance the down payments made of debts. Conclusion: Based on the above, one understands the importance of managing carefully t he cash-flow and also having capacity to meet emergency situations in order to be protected from unexpected circumstances, be it in a business or personally.To be able to run a company in a healthy way it is important to have a good and open relationship with your banks and secure lines of credit for certain times of the year when there is a delay in the cash inflows and also when there is a specific opportunity that requires cash. Companies that manage their cash flow in a positive way have a much stronger possibility of being successful. An example of an unexpected situation, and for which many are not normally prepared, is the sudden downturn in an economy just like what has happened in Portugal in the past three years.The factors which have had the biggest impact in the financial viability of companies are the inflation rate and above all, the restrictions on access to cash (e. g. : loans). If a business is not able to manage its cash-flow carefully and is not capable of setting aside emergency reserves (access to loans), then in a situation like today it will not be able to finance its cash flows and might enter into default. In some cases more than the economic capacity of a company it is its financial situation that might lead to a bankruptcy.We can then say that having cash is crucial for an entity to survive because companies with ample cash on hand can invest the cash back into the business and so generate more cash and profit. An old saying: â€Å"When the going gets tough, Cash is King! † Bibliography: Marques, Manuel de Oliveira, â€Å"A Importancia do Correcto Entendimento do Conceito de Cashflow para a Analise e a Tomada de Decisoes Financeiras†, Estudos de Economia, vol. IV, n. 4, Jul-Sept 1984. Monica Alvares Ribeiro N? : 120499032

The French Constitution

France is a republic; the institutions of governance of France are defined by theconstitution, more specifically by the current constitution, being that of the Fifth Republic. The Constitution has been modified several times since the start of the Fifth Republic, most recently in July 2008, when the French â€Å"Congress† (A Joint convention of the two chambers of Parliament) approved – by 1 vote over the 60% majority required – constitutional changes proposed by President Sarkozy.The Fifth Republic: The fifth republic was established In 1958, and was largely the ork of General de Gaulle – Its first president, and Michel Debr © his prime minister. It has been amended 1 7 times. Though the French constitution Is parliamentary, It gave relatively extensive powers to the executive (President and Ministers) compared to other western democracies. The executive branch: The head of state and head of the executive is the President, elected by universal suffrage. Since May 201 2, France's president is Franqois Hollande.Originally, a president of the Fifth Republic was elected for a 7-year term (le septennat), renewable any number of times. Since 2002 the President has been elected for a 5- year term (le quinquennat). Since the passing of the 2008 Constitutional reform, the maximum number of terms a president can serve has been limited to two. The President, who is also supreme commander of the military, determines policy with the aid of his Council of Ministers (Conseil des ministres). The residence of the President of the French Republic is the Elys ©e Palace (le palais de l'Elys ©e) in Paris.The President appoints a prime minister (currently – 2012 – Jean-Marc Ayrault) , who forms a government. The residence of the French Prime Minister is at Matignon House (l'H ¶tel Matignon) in Paris. In theory ministers are chosen by the PM; in practice unless the President and the PM are from dfferent sides of the political spectru m (a system known as la cohabitation), PM and president work together to form a government. The President must approve the appointment of government ministers.The cabinet, le Consen des ministres, meets on a weekly basis, and Is presided over by the president. Ministers determine policy and put new legislation before Parliament In the form of bills (projets de 101); wlthln the framework of existing law, hey apply policy through decrees (d ©crets). The legislative branch: The French parliament Is made up of two houses or chambers. The lower and principal house of parliament is the Assembl ©e nationale, or national assembly: the elected by universal suffrage, in general elections ( ©lections l ©gislatives) that take place every five years.Senators are elected by â€Å"grand electors†, who are mostly other local elected representatives. The electoral system for parliamentary elections involves two rounds; a candidate can be elected on the first round by obtaining an abso lute majority of votes cast. The second round is a runoff between two or more candidates, usually two.. The Judicial branch: While the Minister of Justice, le Garde des Sceaux, has powers over the running of the Justice system and public prosecutors, the Judiciary is strongly independent of the executive and legislative branches.The official handbook of French civil law is theCode Civil. Promulgation of laws: New bills (projets de lot), proposed by government, and new pivate members bills (propositions de lot) must be approved by both chambers, before becoming law. However, by virtue of Article 49. of the French constitution, a government can override parliamentary opposition and pass a law without a parilimentary vote. This does not happen frequently, and in the framework of constitutional amendments, president Sarkozy curtailed the possibility of using 49. . Laws and decrees are promulgated when the official text is published in the Official Journal of the French Republic, le Jour nal Officiel. The Constitutional Council The Constitutional Council , le Conseil constitutionnel, exists to determine the constitutionality of new legislation or decrees. It has powers to strike down a bill efore it passes into law, if it is deemed unconstitutional, or to demand the withdrawal of decrees even after promulgation.The Council is made up of nine members, appointed (three each) by the President of the Republic, the leader of the National Assembly, and the leader of the Senate, plus all surviving former heads of state. Political parties; In 2012, France is governed by the Socialist Party and allies..

Reading Response to Introduction in Handbook of Race and Ethnic Studies Essay

Upon reading the Collins and Solomos introduction to their Handbook of Race and Ethnic Studies, I soon realized that the field of race and ethnicity is a diverse, living thing that is constantly evolving. The authors make reference to the fact that the civil rights movement has been working for decades and it appears at times that no progress has been made. They make this point by mentioning the nightly newscasts on television that show global atrocities brought on by policies of ethnic cleansing or other forms of hate. This is proof that more work has to be done and we must continue to seek and promote understanding and equality. Collins and Solomos also mention the rise of more right-wing political groups that they refer to as the new right. These groups use the media to promote their ideas of an ideal state. They state that `for the new right` the appeal is by and large no longer to racial supremacy cultural uniformity` and they get around this by  ¨parading under the politics of nationalism and patriotism ¨. This reminded me of my history classes in school where I first learned of Hitler and how he used extreme nationalism as one of his tools to gain influence and power over a economically struggling Germany. There seems to be a great many voices and perspectives out there that may contradict one another at times, but I feel that the study or race and ethnicity must continue to be pursued.

Organizational Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Design - Essay Example Recent reports from all over the world shows that most of the companies reducing their work forces to stay in the market. Though the IT sector and real estate field has immensely affected by the current crisis, all the other sectors also suffered a lot from the current crisis. Apart from financial crisis, so many other factors like growing crime rates and violence are also made it difficult to operate business functions. There is an important relationship between the organizational structure and strategies.† A strategy is the plans and actions necessary to achieve organizational goals† (Griffin and Moorhead, (2007), p.450) The success of a business lies in identifying the proper organizational structure and strategies. The goals of the organization must be well defined before implementing changes in organizational structure. As far as Fruity Foods (FF) store is concerned, the main problem is the location. No store can operate successfully in a poor location even if their products are better compared to others. Second problem of FF is the environment. Customers are normally reluctant in going for shopping in places where the crime rates are more. More over this shop is more vulnerable to theft because of the owner’s inability to take necessary precautions. Since the owners are approaching their retirement, this store needs to be completely restructured in order to sustain in the market. For that purpose, an evaluation of the organizational environment is essential. â€Å"The organizational environment includes all of the elements ---people, other organizations, economic factors, objects and events---that lie outside the boundaries of the organization. The environment is composed of two layers; the general environment and the task environment. The general environment includes all of the broad set of dimensions and a factor within which the organization is operates including political, legal, cultural, technological, international and

An Important Person in History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

An Important Person in History - Essay Example The South African federal government had always implemented the policy of racial separation, with keeping the black people of South Africa far way from attaining their rights, including the right to vote (Nye). However, in the year 1990, nelson Mandela was discharged from the prison and subsequently, was permitted to negotiate with the president of South Africa of that time, that is, Frederik Willem de Klerk, regarding the rights of the black people, especially the right to vote. And subsequently, the negotiation resulted in the elimination of Apartheid, with the influx of the multi-racial elections, in the year 1994 (Ebrahim) The true achievement for the black people of South Africa was that they managed to attain their rights without any such major riots by the people who were against the decision of the government to issue the black people of South Africa, their rights, which they deserved to attain, despite the fact that south Africa had a long history of racial aggression and vi cious police force. Nelsen Mandela in his entire life had to fight against his own countrymen, to regain the rights of the black people of his country. However, besides that, there are also some other ways as well, which nelson Mandela adapted, in order to assist his country to transform itself, for a better future (Benson) As the struggle started by Mandela for the purpose of helping the black people of South Africa to regain their rights was almost a peaceful effort, hence this made nelson Mandela earned him the  1993 Nobel Peace Prize. The revolutionary effort of nelson Mandela assisted South Africa to officially convert itself into a democratic state (Mandela) As besides introducing world’s one of the most progressive constitutions, South Africa also empowered the black people to contribute their skills and expertise in the growth and development of South Africa. And as a matter of

Poverty or hunger in either Asia or Africa and solutions to help Essay

Poverty or hunger in either Asia or Africa and solutions to help improve conditions - Essay Example Poverty in Africa has being captured in different avenues to demonstrate the suffering that the people of the continent undergo due to lack of access to basic facilities in their countries. The increased presence of low economic levels in Africa despite the progress and input that has been made by different international organizations has been associated with a number of factors and courses. Solutions are however available that if adopted and adequately implemented can address the food and basic needs shortage in the continent and eliminate the suffering of the people (Altman, Zitha and Gemma 349). The continued presence of abject poverty in Africa despite the economic progress in other parts of the globe has been attributed to a number of policy issues and political factors associated regional policies and approaches. While the poverty levels in other parts of the world have witnessed a steady decline, the problem in Africa has remained relatively stable and this has been associated with poor policy formulation and implementation. Africa has large tracts of arable and fertile farming lands especially in countries to the southern of the Sahara desert. However, the farming approach in the regions have not been effective in increasing the national harvest as farm ownership in these regions is subjected to tribal groupings and clanships (Beasley 24). This leads to unnecessary division of the arable land for subsistence farming which produces less output to feed the growing population and a reserve for the unforeseen future. The lack of freehold land holding in major African countries has been contributed to the increased lack of agricultural production and heightened poverty levels. In countries like South Africa, Kenya and Uganda, there are widespread unused lands which have a great agricultural potential and can contribute immensely to the agricultural basket of the country. However, the

General Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

General Psychology - Essay Example Although women have attained much more freedom and greater respect as equally human, they continue to be judged more by appearance than personality, intelligence, talents or compassion. In the modern commercial culture, female role models have been mostly portrayed in the media as all appearance and no substance, or very little substance. TV has become our expression of the ideal as much as ancient Greek statuary was theirs, but it typically illustrates that happy and popular girls are very slim and tall with flawless complexions. The importance placed on this perfect image has created a culture that is inordinately focused upon appearance to the great detriment of most of its members. Girls exposed to this culture feel heavy pressure to do everything they can to bring themselves as close to this ideal as they can manage, many times developing unhealthy, sometimes fatal, ways of addressing their perceptions. This unhealthy female self-concept as a result of an innate need to conform to cultural norms is the focus of an article in Teen Voices Girl Talk about new programs being introduced by the Girl Scouts. The article reveals that 60 percent of girls compare their bodies to the bodies of fashion models and just a little less than that number admit they are trying to achieve that image for themselves. â€Å"Even though we know that these depictions are not based in reality, many of us still define our self-worth by how we measure up to them† (Harig, 2010). Because the images on TV are perceived to be the only possible images of success, girls everywhere adopt methods like going on starvation diets, inducing vomiting after eating or developing other eating disorders. They may also try to get plastic surgery when they are still young or try other crazy methods of bringing their body in line with these ideals no matter what kind of body style they have or what might be healthy for th at form. The numbers reported in

Foodmaster company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Foodmaster company - Case Study Example At present, the company has 4Â  factories, 16Â  retail branches and two dairy farms across the country. Moreover, the FoodMaster factories have the capacity to process more than 100 tons of dairy products daily at present. Initially, the company was interested in the manufacturing of yoghurt alone; however the company is currently manufacturing many other dairy products such as Kefir (a healthy dairy drink), Lapped Milk BIO-C Immun+ (a sweet vanilla flavored or fruit jam lapped milk), Dolce Yoghurt Drink (a gentle creamy drinking yoghurt made from milk of the highest quality, with large cantles of natural juicy fruit), Lactel Milk with Vitamin D (a milk RANGE with vitamin D) and Nenny Yogurt Drink (a drink made from the milk of the highest quality with a wide range of fruit supplements). Arethe yogurt, the sour cream, the home curd, Dolce yogurts and Bio-C Immune+ curdled milk are extremely popular among the people of Kazakhstan (FoodMaster, N.d.). The company has the habit of updating and diversifying its product ranges every year, based on the changing trends among the consumers. It should be noted that consumers are always look out for new tastes and flavors. FoodMaster Company knows this fact very well and has developed more than 100 popular dairy products as of now. Some of the major landmarks of FoodMaster Company’s history are given below. One of the major success factors of FoodMaster Company is its commitments to the corporate social responsibility, environmental protection and sustainable development. The company’s vision is to provide dairy products with natural ingredients to the people of Kazakhstan. It should be noted that many other prominent dairy companies in other parts of the world are using artificial ingredients to stretch the life of dairy products as much as possible. The company is giving more importance to the health and safety of the people rather than the profitability

The First World War Essay Example for Free

The First World War Essay The First World War though had the majority of the countries of the world involved in it, yet the major protagonists were European. Some of the historians and researchers even go as far as to name this war as an Imperialistic war. This is because one of the major reasons for the war to erupt was â€Å"due to the rivalries triggered off by the pressures of highly organized financial monopolies operating in the different European countriesâ€Å"(Henig, 2002, p. 38). Though this does not entirely explain the cause of the war, it nevertheless points towards the prominent presence of the European countries in the war. One of the major reasons for the war to erupt was due to the German’s interest in occupying colonies in Africa and Far East. There was a deep mistrust of the remaining European countries about its objectives. The colonial ambitions till this point were dominated by England, Russia and France, and to an extent Spain, and these countries had fought multiple wars amongst themselves regarding their colonial expansions. This created a power bloc in the European region which emerged clearly during the Morocco crisis. France entered the war fearing an invasion from Germany and also because of a long dispute for the areas of Alsace and Lorraine which it had lost to Germans in an earlier was in 1870-71. England entered the war because the successful invasion of France as well as Belgium would have made Germany very powerful. Germany and Russia in turn were in the war because they wished to defend themselves against their powerful European enemies. However much of the tensions caused due to this reason would have been sorted out without the need for any need for a war on such a scale. The catalyst for the war was yet another European crisis which actually led to the World war. The crisis occurred in the Balkan regions. Germany and Russia in order to gain allies supported Balkan countries i. e. Austria-Hungary and Serbia. When France Ferdinand, the crown prince of Austria-Hungary, was murdered on 28th June 1914, Serbia emerged as the hand behind it because they wished to be free from Austria-Hungary. Russia supported the Serbs because it considered it to be strategically important. This led to Germany declaring a war on Russia, from which point the war started and quickly spread through the entire Europe and in turn their colonies due to the tensions already present between the countries. Japan, though was not a colony of any of the European countries entered the war because it had a military agreement with Britain to aid it in any war, and so Japan declared a war on Germany (Strachan, 2001). There were two countries – Italy and United States, who had policies for a neutral approach during the World war at the start. In case of Italy, Allies persuaded it in to the war against its former allies i. e. Germany, Austria- Hungary by promising large territorial gains in the Austria-Hungary region. This made Italy join the war with the Allies in 1915. United States was one of the last countries to enter the war. United States was purely a capitalist country and had no interest in subscribing to wars. In fact President Woodrow Wilson had declared a policy of absolute neutrality in the war at its outset. However, President Wilson was the one to break its stance and join the war. This was because of the German stance for unrestricted submarine warfare which would have threatened America’s commercial shipping. The American commercial shipping was directed towards the Allies, and so it did have a great risk of being attacked by Germans, and when the attack did take place America reluctantly joined the war towards the very end in 1917. The impact of the World War was huge on all the countries involved. There was a huge loss of life and property on both the sides. Imperialism lost out and there was a period of intense socialism and communism, especially in Russia. The social class system became more liberal especially in Britain and France. Since the cost of the war was in billions, there were heavy taxes put on the traders to recover the costs, and this led to large scale economic problems in many countries, which was brought to a head during the Great Depression period in the 1920s and 1930s. United States came to be reckoned as a world power because of its decisive role in the war. In Europe many new states were created. League of Nations was created to sort out international problems, which would prove to be a failure soon. To take care of the down spiraling economic conditions many countries like Russia, Italy and Germany went in for military dictatorships (Henig, 2002). However, the impact was worst for the losing side. Germany became an outcast in front of the rest of the world. Million of people had died or become disables which meant a huge scale of unemployment. It was excluded from the League of Nations and had to give up a lot of territory to the winning side especially the disputed area of Alsace and Lorraine. Austria and Germany were separated and there was a limit on the size of the army of the countries. The countries also had to pay a lot of money to the winning sides to pay for the war damages which did moral as well as economic damage to the countries and the people living in these countries (Strachan, 2001).